Biopsychosocial (BPS) model FAQ

What is the Biopsychosocial (BPS) Model?

The Biopsychosocial (BPS) Model recognises that absence from work can be influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Rather than assuming a purely medical cause, the model looks at the whole picture to understand why someone is unable to work.

By considering these different influences, organisations can identify the most appropriate type of support and help employees return to work safely and effectively.

How does HCB apply the BPS Model?

HCB applies the BPS Model from the very first interaction with an employee who is absent from work. Our priority is to determine the real cause of the absence before deciding what type of support is required.

This approach ensures that the medical model is only used when there is a genuine medical condition to treat, allowing resources to be used effectively while focusing on the real barriers to returning to work.

What are biological causes of absence?

Biological causes relate to physical health conditions or injuries. These conditions can typically be diagnosed by a clinician and treated through established medical pathways.

In these cases, HCB supports employees by helping them understand treatment plans and manage absence duration. We often use recognised disability duration guidelines to help ensure recovery and a timely return to work.

What are psychological causes of absence?

Psychological causes include conditions that affect mental and emotional wellbeing. Some of these conditions are subjective or self-reported, which can make them more complex to assess.

Through early engagement and clinical expertise, HCB can help identify psychological concerns quickly and guide employees towards appropriate treatment, support services, or signposting. Early intervention is particularly important, as unresolved psychological issues can worsen over time.

What are socially determined absences?

Socially determined absence occurs when the barriers preventing someone from working are related to circumstances in their personal or work environment rather than a medical condition.

Research suggests that a significant proportion of workplace absence may fall into this category. These situations can sometimes be mistakenly treated as medical problems when the real challenges may be social or practical.

Why is it important to identify socially determined absence?

Correctly identifying socially determined absence allows organisations to avoid unnecessary medical interventions.

Instead, the focus shifts to understanding the real barriers preventing a return to work. By addressing those barriers directly—through appropriate support and resources—HCB helps employees move towards meaningful and sustainable outcomes.

Why does early intervention matter?

Early engagement with employees is a key part of the BPS approach. The sooner the underlying causes of absence are identified, the sooner appropriate support can be provided.

Early intervention can prevent problems from escalating, particularly in cases involving psychological or social factors, and can significantly improve the chances of a successful return to work.